It is not good for him who makes the laws to execute them, or for the body of the people to turn its attention away from a general standpoint and devote it to particular objects. Nothing is more dangerous than the influence of private interests in public affairs, and the abuse of the laws by the government is a less evil than the corruption of the legislator, which is the inevitable sequel to a particular standpoint. In such a case, the State being altered in substance, all reformation becomes impossible, A people that would never misuse governmental powers would never misuse independence; a people that would always govern well would not need to be governed.

If we take the term in the strict sense, there never has been a real democracy, and there never will be.

✖ Via The Social Contract, Or Principles of Political Right by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, tr. by G. D. H. Cole, public domain (original publication : Amesterdam, 1792), Book III, chap 4.

Here’s the original French text:

Il n’est pas bon que celui qui fait les lois les exécute, ni que le corps du peuple détourne son attention des vues générales pour les donner aux objets particuliers. Rien n’est plus dangereux que l’influence des intérêts privés dans les affaires publiques, et l’abus des lois par le gouvernement est un mal moindre que la corruption du législateur, suite infaillible des vues particulières. Alors, l’État étant altéré dans sa substance, toute réforme devient impossible. Un peuple qui n’abuserait jamais du gouvernement n’abuserait pas non plus de l’indépendance; un peuple qui gouvernerait toujours bien n’aurait pas besoin d’être gouverné.

A prendre le terme dans la rigueur de l’acception, il n’a jamais existé de véritable démocratie, et il n’en existera jamais. (Du contrat social ou Principes du droit politique, Livre III, chap. 4)


• Jul 29, 2010 link notes tagged: politic  author  book  society  community  contract  government  law  democracy  Rousseau  state  power 
art communication illustration illustrator design poster cover book author novel state power politic community hobbes violence auster freedom terror terrorism loser united_states
✖ Via

David Vivó photostream on Flickr: personal project, Paul Auster’s “Leviathan” book cover / 120x185 mm



• Jul 11, 2010 link notes tagged: art  communication  illustration  illustrator  design  poster  cover  book  author  novel  state  power  politic  community  Hobbes  violence  Auster  freedom  terror  terrorism  loser  United-States 

People are not alone in waging war. Their closest living cousins, chimpanzees, also slaughter their own kind—in brutal attacks that primatologists increasingly view as strategic, co-ordinated assaults rather than random acts of violence. But however tempting it is to see these battles through the lens of human warfare, the motives for chimp-on-chimp violence are poorly understood. In particular, researchers have long debated whether the apes fight for land, or for females.
✖ Via The Economist: “Killer instincts”, June 24th, 2010

• Jul 02, 2010 link notes tagged: communication  war  land  power  violence  killing  death  animal  chimpanzee  human  behavior  instinct  culture  nature 
communication journalism power critic liberty autonomy humor illustration comic caricature artist art corruption news information
✖ Via Harper’s Magazine: “Nose For Trouble” by Mr. Fish, July 1st, 2010

About Mr. Fish:

Mr. Fish (mrfish@clowncrack.com) lives in Los Angeles, California. He never asked to be born. Occasionally, he laughs his head off. His mother has no idea what he’s up to. She cries easily. For more information, date him. (source)

Previously on Skandalon : Gen. Stanley A. McChrystal



• Jul 02, 2010 link notes tagged: communication  journalism  power  critic  liberty  autonomy  humor  illustration  comic  caricature  artist  art  corruption  news  information 

Everyman knows that he is stronger then certain of his fellows and weaker than others; that, living alone in a state of complete anarchy, he would be the scourge of the weaker and the victim of the stronger, and would live in perpetual fear. That is why in every society, even the crudest, the majority of men give up terrorizing the weaker so as to be less afraid of the stronger―such is the universal formula of social order.
✖ Via The Principles of Power: The Great Political Crises of History by Guglielmo Ferrero, trans. by Theodore R. Jaeckel, New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1942, p. 32 (read a review of it on JSTOR)

As quoted in Communitas. The Origin and Destiny of Community by Roberto Esposito, trans. by Thimothy Campbell, Standford: Stanford University Press, [1998]2010, p. 24



• Jul 01, 2010 link notes tagged: communication  community  society  social  order  fear  power  History  weak  strong  Esposito 
communication technology terrorism destruction celebrity fame glorification history power lost loser
✖ Via Emblemas morales by Don Sebastian de Couarrubias Orozco, centuria II, emblem 55 (155), 1610

Herostratos torching the temple of Artemis. Learn more on Wikipedia and by reading Albert Borowitz’s essay Terrorism for Self-Glorification. The Herostratos Syndrome. More on that later.



• May 27, 2010 link notes tagged: communication  technology  terrorism  destruction  celebrity  fame  glorification  history  power  lost  loser 
art science technology atom nuclear diagram illustration education visualization comic vintage power retro
✖ Via Comic Book Cartography: “Adventures Inside the Atom: The Story of Nuclear Power”, General Electric Company, Public Relations, Dept. 2-119, 1948
“Comic Book Cartography’s dad would have been 12 when he acquired the copy we scanned, possibly at school. The comic wrestles atom splitting away from the bomb and slots it into the post-war parade of progress and prosperity. A black and white scan of the entire 16-page comic is available on the U.S. Department of Energy Website

Comic Book Cartograhy is curated by Half Man|Half Static. He simply describes himself as “the curator of lost items”.



• May 10, 2010 link notes tagged: art  science  technology  atom  nuclear  diagram  illustration  education  visualization  comic  vintage  power  retro 

The boundless sea rang terribly around, and the earth crashed loudly: wide Heaven was shaken and groaned, and high Olympus reeled from its foundation under the charge of the undying gods, and a heavy quaking reached dim Tartarus and the deep sound of their feet in the fearful onset and of their hard missiles. So, then, they launched their grievous shafts upon one another, and the cry of both armies as they shouted reached to starry heaven; and they met together with a great battle-cry. […] Astounding heat seized Chaos: and to see with eyes and to hear the sound with ears it seemed even as if Earth and wide Heaven above came together; for such a mighty crash would have arisen if Earth were being hurled to ruin, and Heaven from on high were hurling her down; so great a crash was there while the gods were meeting together in strife. Also the winds brought rumbling earthquake and duststorm, thunder and lightning and the lurid thunderbolt, which are the shafts of great Zeus, and carried the clangour and the warcry into the midst of the two hosts. An horrible uproar of terrible strife arose: mighty deeds were shown and the battle inclined. But until then, they kept at one another and fought continually in cruel war.
✖ Via Theogony by Hesiod (tr. by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, 1914)

When the Gods fought the Titans, Earth was not an hopistable place for the mortals.



• May 09, 2010 link notes tagged: art  communication  chaos  genesis  creation  order  world  mythology  violence  war  representation  Gods  Titans  nature  power 
✖ Via Various sources : Mecanopolis, Le Jura Libertaire, biphop’s photostream, Epanastasi, Missolonghi.

Past and coming insurrections.



• Mar 25, 2010 link notes tagged: history  war  independance  Greece  insurrection  power  resistance 
art technology photo photographer bw electricity energy power abstract
✖ Via PDN Photo of the Day: Hiroshi Sugimoto’s Lightning Fields 128, 2009.

Artist statement:

“The word electricity is thought to derive from the ancient Greek elektron, meaning “amber.” When subject to friction, materials such as amber and fur produce an effect that we now know as static electricity. Related phenomena were studied in the eighteenth century, most notably by Benjamin Franklin. To test his theory that lightning is electricity, in 1752 Franklin flew a kite in a thunderstorm. He conducted the experiment at great danger to himself; in fact, other researchers were electrocuted while conducting similar experiments. He not only proved his hypothesis, but also that electricity has positive and negative charges. In 1831, Michael Faraday’s formulation of the law of electromagnetic induction led to the invention of electric generators and transformers, which dramatically changed the quality of human life. Far less well-known is that Faraday’s colleague, William Fox Talbot, was the father of calotype photography. Fox Talbot’s momentous discovery of the photosensitive properties of silver alloys led to the development of positive-negative photographic imaging. The idea of observing the effects of electrical discharges on photographic dry plates reflects my desire to re-create the major discoveries of these scientific pioneers in the darkroom and verify them with my own eyes.” (artist’s official website)

About PDN :

“PDN Photo of the Day displays photographs selected by the editors of Photo District News, a publication for photo professionals.” (read more).

Previously on Skandalon



• Feb 09, 2010 link notes  [via] tagged: art  technology  photo  photographer  BW  electricity  energy  power  abstract 

The problem with people saying that others have deceptive goals (such as manipulation, hidden strategies and conspiracies, which can fit into what Habermas calls “systematic distortion” in The theory of communicative action, volume 1, 1984, Boston: Beacon press at page 332) while communicating is that if no other ground of justification is provided aside from an alternative view of the deceptive party’s real intentions, that hidden-but-revealed ground means not much more than the accuser’s own preconceptions of the world and the motives of those who participate in it (example: “corporations control our desires” is an assertion which is hardly grounded in any alternative view. As corporations reach into deeper layers of our psyche, as they permeate every aspect of our daily lives, and mostly, as they predate our own generation, who is to know what a genuine desire feels like or how it is autonomously produced ?). The latent character of deception provides a specular avowal of its discoverer’s self-interest (like the weird idea of genuine desire). His accusation cannot be extracted from its context to mean something more “real” or “true”, only another attempt at control or deception.
✖ Via Leftovers

• Feb 06, 2010 link notes reblogged from leftoverfest  [via] tagged: communication  control  power  origin  genuine  real  truth  impression  repetition  iteration  philosophy 
art film movie quote still credit philosophy philosopher author book power war culture
✖ Via Conan the Barbarian by John Milius, 1982

Conan the Nietzschean… Way to go, Conan.

The quote is taken from Twilight of the Idols (Die Götzen-Dämmerung, 1895). It’s the 8th maxim from the section “Maxims and arrows” (the very first section of the book, after the preface). Here is a slightly different translation : “Out of life’s school of war: What does not destroy me, makes me stronger.” (tr. by Walter Kaufmann and R.J. Hollingdale here).



• Jan 26, 2010 link notes tagged: art  film  movie  quote  still  credit  philosophy  philosopher  author  book  power  war  culture 

The almost insoluble task consists of refusing to allow oneself to be rendered dumb, either by the power of others or by one’s own powerlessness.
✖ Via Minima Moralia: Reflections From Damaged Life by Theodor W. Adorno, Suhrkamp Verlag, [1944]1951, part 1, §34.
“Theodor Ludwig Wiesengrund Adorno (September 11, 1903 – August 6, 1969) was a German-born international intellectual, sociologist, philosopher, musicologist, and composer. He was a member of the Frankfurt School along with Max Horkheimer, Walter Benjamin, Herbert Marcuse, Jürgen Habermas, and others.” (Wikipedia)


• Jan 15, 2010 link notes tagged: philosophy  book  author  critic  power  life  war  ethic 

Laziness and cowardice are the reasons why so great a proportion of men, long after nature has released them from alien guidance (naturaliter maiorennes), nonetheless gladly remain in lifelong immaturity, and why it is so easy for others to establish themselves as their guardians. It is so easy to be immature. If I have a book to serve as my understanding, a pastor to serve as my conscience, a physician to determine my diet for me, and so on, I need not exert myself at all. I need not think, if only I can pay: others will readily undertake the irksome work for me.
✖ Via KANT, Immanuel (1784). “Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?”.

• Dec 01, 2009 link notes tagged: communication  philosophy  author  power  subject  freedom  reason  power  autonomy  critic  history 
communication philosophy author critic power revolution politic history knowledge ethic autonomy kant
✖ Via “Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklärung?” by Immanuel Kant (1784) Shown here : the first page of the 1799 version.

“”Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?” (German: “Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklärung?”) is the title of a 1784 essay by the philosopher Immanuel Kant. In the December 1784 publication of the Berlinische Monatsschrift (Berlin Monthly), edited by Friedrich Gedike and Johann Erich Biester, Kant replied to the question posed a year earlier by the Reverend Johann Friedrich Zöllner, who was also an official in the Prussian government. Zöllner’s question was addressed to a broad intellectual public, in reply to Biester’s essay entitled: “Proposal, not to engage the clergy any longer when marriages are conducted” (April 1783) and a number of leading intellectuals replied with essays, of which Kant’s is the most famous and has had the most impact. Kant’s opening paragraph of the essay is a much-cited definition of a lack of Enlightenment as people’s inability to think for themselves due not to their lack of intellect, but lack of courage.” (Wikipedia)

Complete English translation of Kant’s essay here.



• Dec 01, 2009 link notes tagged: communication  philosophy  author  critic  power  revolution  politic  history  knowledge  ethic  autonomy  Kant 

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